I've had several people ask me about what's going on in Cochabamba, Bolivia with all the protesting. I thought I'd post this entry to explain the situation as best I understand it to be from reading several news sources.
The Background
As I have eluded to at several times in the last several months, Bolivia is in the process of writing a new constitution. Back in July when the delegates to the Constitutional Assembly (CA) were elected, a national referendum took place in each province to decide whether that province would be given autonomy from the rest of the nation (Bolivia's definition of autonomy is to be decided in the new constitution). At that time, four provinces - Pando, Beni, Santa Cruz and Tarija voted "yes" and five provinces - La Paz, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Oruro and Potosi voted "no".
Now, Cochabamba is a pretty evenly divided "swing province" if you will. It is a mix of indigenous people and rich mestizo businessmen. It is also generally seen as the geographical dividing point between the indigenous peoples of the mountains and the richer mestizos that live in the eastern areas, mainly Santa Cruz. Outside of Cochabamba is a jungle region known as the "Chapare" where Evo Morales, Bolivia's President, is from. It is made up of lots of coca farmers and other agricultural workers. The Chapare is part of the Cochabamba province.
The Issue
The problem arose when Cochabamba's Governor, Manfred Reyes-Villa (MRV), who is part of the opposition to Evo Morales, was attempting to put the autonomy issue back on the ballot for Cochabamba. Apparently he felt there were some voter discrepancies back in July or that voters minds had changed and he wanted to give them the opportunity to have a recall vote. Well, in Bolivia basically autonomy or no autonomy is synonymously seen as anti-Evo or pro-Evo. It's a sensitive subject, much like the Iraq war in the US because Evo is such a controversial leader.
Early last week, many of the folks in the Chapare, basically decided they were fed up with Manfred and marched into Cochabamba to protest. They took over the main plaza in Cochabamba where the government offices are and demanded Manfred resign for his actions. Additonally some people blockaded the main road between Santa Cruz and Cochabamba (a popular protesting tactic). On Thursday, a group of Manfred backers appeared and approached the plaza to protect Manfred. Incidentally, Manfred was not in Cochabamba, he fled to La Paz where he met with other opposition leaders from the eastern provinces. Somehow an instance of violence broke out and a couple people died and about thirty others were injured. The police ordered tear gas to be launched on the crowd to force them to disperse. This worked to clear things out for a bit, but later the Manfred protesters returned Friday. Rumors were flying left and right of more Manfred protesters coming from Potosi and pro-Manfred supporters flying in from Santa Cruz. It looked like it could well be the beginning in a much larger conflict, but thankfully none of this happened.
As all this is happening, Evo isn't even in Bolivia to take action. He was in Nicaragua for the inauguration of Nicaragua's new President, Daniel Ortega. Evo rushed back and gave a television address on Friday night basically slapping both sides on the wrist. He told the protesters to respect the offices of government and go home and told Manfred he should obey the wishes of the people and respect their "no" vote on autonomy. Manfred in the midst of this finds out the recall vote he is pursuing isn't even legal, so he announces that he wishes to respect democracy and gracefully drops his pursuit of this. At this point, Evo and the Church both stepped in and offered to mediate between the two sides. Things got better, some of the angry protesters left, the blockades were lifted and some normalcy was restored. But then the next day, the mob returned and decided they had come to Cochabamba to oust Manfred and weren't leaving until he resigned. So, they have been there for the past few days and still are there. Manfred has stayed in Santa Cruz for his safety, but has agreed to talk with the protesters.
And that's where we are today . . .this is definitely a local conflict confined to the people of Cochabamba and the Chapare, but it shows just how tense things are in Bolivia. Just a month or so ago, I wrote on this blog about the controversy over the 2/3 majority law for the Constitutional Assembly. Those people are meeting in Sucre this week after a holiday break and are trying to work out some sort of deal to keep the Assembly moving forward.
So there is a lot happening in Bolivia. Pray for wisdom and humility amongst the leaders of the country as they work out all of these differences. Pray for them to not be so stubborn, but to see both sides of the argument and work out something everyone can live with. The key word is COMPROMISE. Up to this point violence has been at a minimum, let's hope it stays that way!